AI & ML interview questions with answer frameworks.
Browse 317 higher-signal questions from the CrackML corpus, organized for ML Engineer, AI Engineer, and Applied Scientist preparation.
GenAI & LLM
How is BERT different from GPT?GenAI & LLM · medium · Evidence 88/100Explain Transformer architecture and each major component.GenAI & LLM · medium · Evidence 88/100Explain the attention mechanism in a Transformer.GenAI & LLM · medium · Evidence 78/100Explain core NLP and deep-learning concepts used in an Alexa system.GenAI & LLM · medium · Evidence 77/100How does an LSTM differ from a Transformer?GenAI & LLM · medium · Evidence 75/100Explain Transformer fundamentals for a multimodal role.GenAI & LLM · medium · Evidence 75/100Explain LoRA and why it reduces fine-tuning cost.GenAI & LLM · medium · Evidence 75/100
ML Fundamentals
How should dropout behave at test time?ML Fundamentals · medium · Evidence 82/100Explain the bias-variance trade-off.ML Fundamentals · easy · Evidence 77/100Explain linear regression assumptions and failure modes.ML Fundamentals · medium · Evidence 77/100When would you use RMSE instead of MAE?ML Fundamentals · medium · Evidence 77/100Explain PCA and when you would use it.ML Fundamentals · medium · Evidence 77/100How do tree-based algorithms choose splits and generalize?ML Fundamentals · medium · Evidence 77/100How does multiclass logistic regression work?ML Fundamentals · medium · Evidence 77/100
Python & DSA
Serialize and Deserialize Binary TreePython & DSA · hard · Evidence 80/100Partition into K equal-sum subsetsPython & DSA · hard · Evidence 77/100Implement an in-place sorting algorithm and analyze every loop.Python & DSA · medium · Evidence 77/100Solve the maximum-points-on-a-line problem.Python & DSA · hard · Evidence 77/100Count and SayPython & DSA · medium · Evidence 77/100K Closest Points to OriginPython & DSA · medium · Evidence 77/100Validate a NumberPython & DSA · medium · Evidence 77/100
Project & Behavioral
Walk through the toughest ML problem you solved and defend the approach.Project & Behavioral · hard · Evidence 77/100Walk through an ML project and defend your technical decisions.Project & Behavioral · medium · Evidence 75/100What was your most challenging GenAI or ML project?Project & Behavioral · medium · Evidence 75/100Tell me about the most difficult technical project you handled.Project & Behavioral · medium · Evidence 75/100What RAG projects have you built?Project & Behavioral · medium · Evidence 75/100Describe a hard technical challenge from an ML project.Project & Behavioral · medium · Evidence 75/100Explain an NLP project and its modeling choices.Project & Behavioral · medium · Evidence 75/100
ML System Design
Design a content moderation ML systemML System Design · hard · Evidence 77/100Improve Instagram comment rankingML System Design · hard · Evidence 77/100Design an ML system using traffic dataML System Design · hard · Evidence 77/100Design an end-to-end image-and-text pipeline to predict document aspect ratio.ML System Design · hard · Evidence 77/100Design a color suggestion system.ML System Design · hard · Evidence 77/100Design entity matching across different Alexa skills.ML System Design · hard · Evidence 77/100How would you handle cold start for new ads?ML System Design · medium · Evidence 77/100
ML Coding & PyTorch
Implement Byte Pair Encoding.ML Coding & PyTorch · hard · Evidence 77/100Sample From a Non-Uniform RNGML Coding & PyTorch · hard · Evidence 77/100Design an efficient sparse-matrix representation.ML Coding & PyTorch · medium · Evidence 77/100Implement self-attention.ML Coding & PyTorch · hard · Evidence 77/100Implement rejection samplingML Coding & PyTorch · medium · Evidence 77/100Implement masked self-attention.ML Coding & PyTorch · hard · Evidence 77/100Implement the transpose of a sparse matrix efficiently.ML Coding & PyTorch · medium · Evidence 77/100
ML Math
How would you formulate and interpret R-squared for a regression system?ML Math · medium · Evidence 77/100Write the mathematical form of Wasserstein distance and explain it.ML Math · hard · Evidence 75/100What is the Hoeffding inequality and when would you use it?ML Math · hard · Evidence 75/100What is the time complexity of matrix inversion?ML Math · medium · Evidence 75/100What is the closed-form solution for linear regression?ML Math · medium · Evidence 75/100Efficient Multinomial SamplingML Math · medium · Evidence 66/100Derive Binary Cross-EntropyML Math · medium · Evidence 41/100